Analysis Of Fredrick Douglass s If There Is No Struggle

Grant Todd Mr. Sotak English 9 23 May, 2016 Activism within Fredrick Douglass â€Å"If there is no struggle, there is no progression,† is what Fredrick Douglass said during his speech at Canandaigua, New York During an event celebrating West Indian Emancipation Day (blackpast.org). This is saying that struggles and hardships need to happen to get anything accomplished. A lot of people today view Fredrick Douglass as a civil rights activist because the things he has achieved and the way he has positively affected society. The People that are known for bettering society should have to make long term positive effects, or be part of a movement that is considered influential that people look back on today and change the world for the better. What†¦show more content†¦Some of the things Fredrick Douglass did to better society was spread the word about civil rights by sharing his horrible experiences by publishing books and giving speeches to influence people to fight for what they think is right (Timeline of Frederic k Douglass and Family). He also reached out to Abraham Lincoln during the civil war to recruit black soldiers so they could fight for what they saw was right (Freedman Watts). He wasn’t just fighting for African American civil rights, he was also fighting for woman’s civil rights as a women’s suffragist (Sundstrom). Fredrick Douglass was Born into slavery in Tuckahoe, Maryland on February, 1818. His mom was also in slavery and his dad was the owner of the slave plantation (Douglass O’Meally). He tried to escape slavery, but failed in 1836. He attempted to escape a second time two years later in 1938 and succeeded and went to New York City where many escaping slaves often went. (Timeline of Frederick Douglass and Family) He died in 1882 from a heart attack that occurred shortly after participating in a women’s rights meeting and lived to be 77 years old (Timeline of Frederick Douglass and Family) Some of his major accomplishments were that he was nominated to be the Vice President of the united states of America. Another noticeable thing he did was write a famous speech still quoted today and is considered a major part in demolishing slavery called â€Å"what to the slave is the fourth of

Argumentative Essay on the Importance of Physical...

Argumentative Essay As America attempts to better it’s elementary education system, they progressively eliminate the amount of time spent for physical education. They believe that this approach is necessary to vacate time in the day for more possible time in the classroom learning core subjects; such as math, English, reading, etc. This may seem like a productive way to better educate their pupils, but in fact they could be limiting their potential learning capacity by restricting their daily physical education. In children, daily physical activity leads to more productive brains. Elementary schools need to increase their requirements for physical education, because younger brains are more vulnerable to the positive effects of†¦show more content†¦It belongs to the limbic system and plays important roles in long term memory and spatial navigation. When all these chemicals are sent to the brain they are mainly being sent to the hippocampus. This leads to larger a nd more productive cells within the hippocampus. In turn, leading to a stronger long-term memory (Anissimov). Having a better memory inevitably leads to better learning, if focused on learning. So due to the functions of the hippocampus and the actions taking place in the brain. Exercise leads to a more productive and better learning brain. In a peer reviewed article Sanna Stroth and others discussed the research project where they preformed extensive research on ways that exercise effects the brain. Their research showed that regular physical exercise has been shown to stimulate brain vascularization, increase levels of brain neurotransmitters, particularly dopamine and noradrenalin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, which in turn increase the survival ability of neurons and neurogenesis. These changes create a basis for better learning, retention and performance, leading to a more efficient, plastic and adaptive brain. With increased physical fitness, they found improv ed cognitive flexibility and cognitive control. Also their participants working memory was partly influenced by increased physical fitness (Stroth, el al). In children the process becomes even more beneficial. The frontal lobe in childrenShow MoreRelatedHenry D. Thoreaus views on nature, society, and man.1526 Words   |  7 Pagespublic school in Concord. However, he refused to flog children as punishment. He choose instead to deliver moral lectures. The community looked down upon this, and a committee was asked to review the situation. They decided that the lectures were not ample punishment, so they ordered Thoreau to flog disobedient students. With disapproval he lined up six children after school that day, flogged them, and handed in his resignation. He felt that physical punishment should have no part in education. 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A Report on the Government’s Tax Cut for Small Businesses

Question: A report on the governments tax cut for small businesses. Answer: Executive Summary: In the federal budget of 2015, the government announced the tax cut for small business owners. The prime minister confirmed that the tax cut will be 1.5% for the small business owners in Australia, whereas the big business owner will not receive any kind of tax deductions. This tax regime opted by the government has various consequent microeconomic and macroeconomic effects. In this report we look into the details of the tax cut for the small business owners and how the businesses, consumers as well as the entire economy benefits from it. We also look into the negative effects or the distortions that can be created by such a regime. The significant effects of the tax cut are mostly on the increased investment and output of the businesses which in turn increases employment and consumption, thus influencing economic growth. The tax cut also creates distortion such as allocation of labor or wealth effect making business owners not reach their potential productivity. The tax cut benefits and distortions are explained by income or wealth effects, substitution effects, increase in aggregate demand, rise in employment, rise in prices and wages, increasing productivity and all together affecting economic growth. We look more into these details in the following sections. Introduction: The budget change adopted by the government of Australia includes tax measures specifically for small businesses. Small businesses are defined in the tax system as an entity which carried on a business with an aggregate annual turnover of less that $2 million. As per the budget the reduced tax rate had been a boom for small business owners making them grow bigger at the same time. Previously the government had cut the tax rate from 30% to the rate 28.5% for businesses with the turnover accounting for less than $2 million. This year the tax rate has been further cut to 27.5% (Chang, Chung Burke 2016, Ref 15). At the same time this change had also increased the scope for small businesses having a turnover of less than $10 million. Such a tax cut implies advantages for a huge sector of people. There are approximately 870,000 businesses which employ about 3.4 million Australians, and all of these people will enjoy a reduced tax rate (Appendix I). Approximately 60,000 businesses which em ploy about 1.5 million belong to the bracket of $2 to $10 million and their tax rate reduced by 2.5%. Apart from this government has also extended its last years tax deduction of business equipment under $20,000 which was introduced the previous year to businesses under a turnover of $10 million. On the other hand there are the big business owners who do not enjoy any kind of tax cuts. But big businesses can also be estimated to access lower tax rates eventually. This can happen as the government moves with an incremental process. It first slowly increases the sizes of businesses which can access reduced tax rates of 27.5% and then eventually reduces the tax rates for all businesses to 25%. If this happens, then the threshold increases from $10 million to $25million in the year 2017-18, followed by $50 million in 2018-19 and $100 million in 2019-20. Hence, by 2020, approximately 4.9 million people which constitute of more than half of the total employees in the country will be worki ng in companies and paying lower tax rates of 27.5% until 2026-27 when all business shall access tax rate of 25%. Hence these changes related to the tax cuts of the small businesses, directly and indirectly has impacts on the different sections of the society which includes, the business owners, workers, consumers and also the government. The mutual collaborated impact of all these effects has positive impacts on the economic growth. (Appendix I) (Chang, Chung Burke 2016, Ref 15) Evaluation: The cut in tax rates of small business owners has several macroeconomic and microeconomic effects. The tax cut is tended to act as an encouragement for the small business owners which are important for jobs and economic growth in the country. It is focused on increase in spending by encouraging businesses to spend more on capital and equipment from the tax savings and increase the growth of businesses (Mankiw, 2003, Ref 9). As economic growth increases, employment will rise as the businesses increase production with increase in overall consumption and aggregate demand (Mankiw, 2003, Ref 9). The lower tax rate has impacts on both individuals and businesses through income and substitution effects (Pindyck 2009, Ref 1). A lower tax rate raises the post tax reward for saving, working and investing. The higher post tax rewards induces more work effort along with savings and investments through substitution effects (Pindyck 2009, Ref 1) which is what exactly the government intends to do. T here are a number of components through which the tax cut helps in boosting the economy. We shall look into these components each at a time. If we consider investments, then a reduction in tax rate of small business owners reduces the cost of capital for firms making marginal investment projects more profitable (Varian, 2010, Ref 2). These increased investment opportunities increases both domestic investment and foreign direct investment (Lypsey Chrystal 2011, Ref 6). Investment being a component of GDP, in the short run it boosts demand and rise in investment shall increase the GDP. An increase in GDP is an indicator of positive economic growth (Samuelson Nordhaus 2010, Ref 3) . Reduced tax rates of small business owners also induce them to hire more workers. Wages of workers also increase which allows them greater consumption and acts as an income effect (Sen 2007, Ref 5). Hence, tax cut increases demand for labor by firms, which in turn increases wages and overall employment. Increase in wages increases both consumption and savings of the workers via positive income effect. Lower tax rates also influence productivity growth. If there is improvement in technology or innovations in one period there occurs increase in productivity growth in the next period. Induced by lower tax rates and efficiently using tax savings small businesses come up with innovative ideas and technology with greater research and development and shall positively affect growth in next period increasing productivity. As firms increase productivity and can produce more output for the same proportion of input it raises the GDP growth rate. (Lundeen 2015, Ref 13) The cut in tax rates of small business owners also has effects on prices of the goods and services of these businesses. As with reduced tax rates the cost of capital decreases, the lower cost of capital along with high returns can result in lower prices charged by these businesses to consumers. The extent of these firms to pass the reduction in the burden of taxes also depends on how easily the consumers can switch to goods by these corporate firms from goods of other non-corporate or foreign entities. The reduction in price also depends on how open the economy is. The more the economy is open there occurs less reduction in prices. Market power of the firms also plays a significant role deciding how much prices can be reduced. Firms with high market power can significantly affect on changes in prices. As prices fall, domestic consumption increases which reduce demand for imported goods and increase demand for exports. As household consumption increases along with an improvement in Au stralias trade balance contributes in increasing the GDP. The microeconomic and macroeconomic effects mentioned above are likely to positively affect the receipts. As investment, employment and demand increases it brings forth stronger economic growth which shall generate tax revenues that will offset the proportion of revenue lost in tax cuts. As the additional investment projects get completed, it will boost profits that will lead to additional corporation taxes. Higher consumption will also generate higher VAT and excise duty receipts. Increase in wages and employment shall also increase income tax and insurance contributions. Hence, the revenue lost is easily recouped via the taxes generated. We shall now turn towards the not so bright aspects of the cut in tax rate of small business owners. The positive effects do stand a chance of not taking place due to the market distortions and highly depends upon the market share of these small business owners. The efficiency and strength of entrepreneurial motives also decide how much the tax cut provision given to such businesses shall in any way help the economy. The confidence of consumers and business owners on the market conditions also stand as an important factor. There had been many economists and scholars who believed that the companys tax cut will barely make any difference in the economy. As the chief economist Saul Eslake of Bank of America Meryl lynch (Appendix II) tells that it might be possible that there will occur a surge in spending because of small asset purchases but it can be just characterized as a short term stimulus to the economy. The chief economist also go on to say that that majority of business investme nt is done by large businesses and not small businesses but as it is seen that big businesses do not receive any tax cut. We move ahead to see some of the distortions or inefficiencies of such a policy. (Hutchens 2015, Ref 10) The reduced tax rates for small businesses is justifiable on efficiency grounds if there exists evidences that this will create spillover effects to the rest of the economy which is not completely covered by these entities. The special tax arrangements can distort choices of the business owners regarding the business organization structure and decisions regarding the types of expenditures. Economic inefficiency can also be a result of such a regime if it interferes with the market with consequences like allocation of resources to such small inefficient businesses than large efficient ones. (Swaboda 2015, Ref 16) Another distortion of such a regime is associated turnover based threshold of the small businesses biased towards high margin actions. For instance there may be a business which sells large amount of goods and services like a retailer for generating profit may account for a much larger turnover than a firm delivering a costly professional service and generating the same level of profit. Hence the lower tax rate to small business owners reinforces such a bias. The tax cuts also have positive income or wealth effects but these effects induce the individual to feel wealthier reducing his/her incentive to work more, save and invest. It also acts like a disincentive for accelerating further business growth as the businesses approaches a threshold of $2 million aggregate turnover. (Swaboda 2015, Ref 16) Conclusion: Hence we saw the plausible effects both negative and positive of such a tax cut policy for small business owners. The most crucial impact economists are interested in is the effect on the economic growth. The biggest question arises that whether in any way the tax cuts on these small businesses will have any crucial positive impact on the economy. According to Grattan Institutes Director John Daley (Appendix II), this tax cut wont have much impact at all on the economic growth. He says, the 1.5% tax cut on the small businesses along with the instant asset write-off may assumed to be boosting the economic growth by 0.2% in the policys operation in second year equating to just $3.6 billion of economic activity in an economy of $1.6 trillion, whereas, at its first year of operation economic growth will be as small as by 0.06% of GDP or smaller.(Hutchens 2015, Ref 10 ) Thus, the tax cut on the section of small business owners shall have very negligible on the economy as a whole consideri ng that economic growth is driven by large businesses, implying that government should not just cut tax rates for small business owners achieving short term economic growth but to all firms to boost the economy for a longer term. References: Pindyck, R, Rubinfeld, D Mehta, P 2009, Microeconomics, Pearson, South Asia Varian, H 2010, Intermediate microeconomics, Affiliated East-West Press, New Delhi Samuelson, P Nordhaus, W 2010, Economics, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi Mankiw, G 2007, Economics: principles and applications, Cengage Learning, New Delhi Sen, A 2007, Microeconomics, Oxford, New Delhi Lipsey, R Chrystal, A 2011, Economics, Oxford, New Delhi Sowell, T 2010, Basic economics, Basic books, USA Hall, R Lieberman, M 2010, Economics: Principles and applications, Cengage learning, USA Mankiw, G 2003, Macroeconomics, Worth publishers, New York.

Special Program in the Arts and Basic Education Curriculum Essay Example For Students

Special Program in the Arts and Basic Education Curriculum Essay Their Influence in the Achievement and Attitude of Students Towards Mathematics Ma. Christina B. Balsams The study investigated the achievement and attitude towards mathematics of the second year high school students in the Special Program in the Arts and the Basic Education Curriculum in Gingko City Comprehensive National High School, Gingko City. The answers to the following problems ever sought: The comparison of the mathematics achievement of the students when they are grouped according to Special Program in the Arts and the Basic Education Curriculum; the comparison of the mathematics achievement Of the students in the Special Program in the Arts and in the Basic Education Curriculum when they are grouped according to their mathematics ability level; and the comparison in the attitude Of the students towards mathematics in the Special Program in the Arts and in the Basic Education Curriculum. The descriptive research method was used in the study. A 30. Tem validated achievement test was used to determine the level of achievement of the dents; while the go-item mathematics attitude scale of Awaken (1979) was used to determine the attitude of the students toward mathematics. The sixty -eight respondents were the second year students enrolled in the Special Program in the Arts and the Basic Education Curriculum. Ability grouping of the students was based trot their final grades in mathematics during first year. We will write a custom essay on Special Program in the Arts and Basic Education Curriculum specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Two groups were identified the high ability group and the average ability group. High ability students were those students whose grades ranges from and above, while the average ability students were those whose grades ranges from 80 to 85 (Depend memo # 79 s. 2003). The data gathered were interpreted and analyzed using the mean, standard deviation, t-test and the two-way analysis of variance (NOVA)_ The following findings were revealed. There was a significant difference in the mathematics achievement between those second year high school students in the Special program in the Arts and those high school students in the Basic Education curriculum. Although both groups have very satisfactory performance in mathematics, a difference was observed in their mean scores favoring the second year high school students from the Special Program in the Arts. There was a difference in the mathematics achievement of the second year high school students in the Special Program in the Arts and the second year high school students I the Basic Education Curriculum when the students oeuvre grouped according to their mathematics ability level. There was no difference in the attitude of the students in the Special Program in the Arts and the students in the Basic Education Curriculum towards mathematics. The students in both groups have favorable attitude towards mathematics.

The Buying Process

The Buying Process Abstract Online shopping has become an integral component of today’s business world. It is one of the populous activities over the internet. Internet buying behavior is nothing else but the process and act of making use of the things gotten over the internet.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Buying Process specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Just like ordinary shopping, consumers go through various stages when purchasing goods online. This paper examines the buying process for an online product from the Kindle store. Specifically, this paper highlights the stages a customer would go through when purchasing an E-reader from Kindle store. This paper details how the customer would get to recognize their need, how they would search for information, how they would evaluate alternatives, how they would choose the product, how they would make their actual purchase and finally how they would react after the purchase decision. Introduction Many researchers have conducted surveys over the recent past in a bid to understand the stages consumers go through as they make their online purchase decisions (Liang and Lai, 2000). The studies have also concentrated on what it is quite important to know for the marketers, consumer online shopping behavior in particular. Marketers should know the way customers respond to marketing initiatives and the way they make their purchase decisions when buying products online (Foxall, 2005; Kotler and Armstrong, 2005). In today’s business environment, the business that clearly understands the way customers react to various marketing mix approaches has a great edge over its competitors. Problem recognition According to Kotler Armstrong (2005), the buying process for an online product begins with the need of recognition. This need can be stimulated by an internal or external factor (Case et al., 2001). For instance, a consumer could have a desire to own reading tablet.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This need then transforms to become a compelling drive. At this point, the marketer needs to clearly understand the customer’s unique needs and what could have triggered the needs (Foxall, 2005). Search and determination of alternatives Once a customer is convinced of their need, the customer will seek more information about the various available brands (Foxall, 2005). The source of this information is usually varied. The marketer must design a unique marketing mix to make prospective customers aware of its brands (Kotler and Armstrong, 2005). The marketer can rely on positive referrals (Cho et al, 2001). Loyal and satisfied customers would recommend Kindle products to prospective customers. Evaluation of alternatives From the gathered information, the consumer will decide on a final brand. At Kindle stores, customers can choose Kindle Paperwhite 3G, Kindle Paperwhite, Kindle or Kindle Keyboard 3G (Amazon.com, 2012). The marketer must be interested to know how the customer evaluates the various alternatives (Huang, 2000). Kotler and Armstrong (2005) have argued that the evaluation of alternatives would depend on the individual customer and the purchase environment. Sometimes, consumers rely on logic while at times they make impulse purchases. Purchase decision Kindle stores offer a variety of prices. For instance, Kindle Paperwhite 3G is worth $179, Kindle Paperwhite is worth $ 119, Kindle is worth$ 69 and Kindle Keyboard 3G is worth $ 139 (Amazon.com, 2012). Since some customers are price sensitive, their purchase intentions and decisions will be influenced by their disposable income (Blackwell et al, 2006). Alternatively, the customer can decide to buy based on the potential benefits of the product (Case et al, 2001). Since customers will only buy when they believe that price of the E-reader i s tantamount to its benefits (Kotler and Armstrong, 2005), the marketer should price the product appropriately so that customers can get their perceived value.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Buying Process specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Post-purchase evaluation After buying the product, the customer will either be contented or not. The customer will display some post purchase reaction which the marketer must be interested in (Kotler and Armstrong, 2005). This reaction will be influenced by the relationship between the customer’s expectation and the actual performance of the product. If the customers’ expectations are not met by the product, the customer will be very dissatisfied (Foxall, 2005). Therefore, the marketer must only claim what is in tandem with the products’ actual performance to achieve customer satisfaction. Conclusion The above is a detailed explanation of the buying proce ss for an online product specifically E-reader from Kindle. Consumers follow these stages as they seek to make a purchase decision (Kotler and Armstrong, 2005). However, the customer might not necessarily follow the above stages sequentially. When buying an online product, the consumer will first recognize their problem. The customer will then proceed to search and determine the various alternatives available. The customer will then evaluate the alternatives and make a purchase decision (Kotler and Armstrong, 2005). Finally, the customer will engage in post-purchase evaluation. References Amazon.com. (2012). The world’s best-selling E-readers. Retrieved from https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B007HCCNJU/ref=fs_sz Blackwell, D. R., Miniard, P. W., Engel, J. F. (2006). Consumer behaviour  10th Edition. USA: Thomson Learning.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Case, T., Burns, O. M., Dick, G. N. (2001). Drivers of on-line purchasing among U.S. university students. Proceedings of the 7th Americas Conference on Information Systems, 873-878. Cho, Y., Im, I., Hiltz, R., Fjermestad, J. (2001). Causes and outcomes of online customer complaining behavior: Implications for customer relationship management (CRM). Proceedings of the 7th Americas Conference on Information Systems, 900-907. Foxall, G. (2005.) Understanding consumer choice. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Huang, M. (2000). Information load: Its relationship to online exploratory and shopping behavior. International Journal of Information Management 20: 337–347. Kotler, P., Armstrong, G. (2005). Principles of marketing 11th Edition. USA: Prentice Hall. Liang, T., Lai, H. (2000). Electronic store design and consumer choice: An  empirical study. Proceedings of the 33rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. PDF file.

Red Azalea essays

Red Azalea essays The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze the book "Red Azalea: Life and Love in China," by Anchee Min. Specifically, it will describe life in Communist China during the Cultural Revolution (late 1960s) for a young woman, and comment on the degree of independence-choice enjoyed by women in the book. The women living in China during the Cultural Revolution did not enjoy independence or choice they lived in fear and under constant scrutiny of the Communist Party. Anchee Min's book "Red Azalea" is a touching story of a young girl growing up under Communist rule in China. She had a difficult life, and although women took part in the Cultural Revolution and were an important part of it, women and all Chinese were not independent or free during this time, they lived under the watchful eye of the Communist Party. Most of what they did was not of their own free will, but chosen for them by the Party. Min says she was a grownup by the age of five, and she certainly had no choice about it it was expected of all the children, as she writes here: "I was an adult since the age of five. That was nothing unusual" (Min 4). She has to act as an adult because her parents, and everyone's parents, were busy working for the Revolution, and they had no choice either, because they would have been sent away, or even killed if they did not support the Communist Party and their Revolution. It is very clear that Min and her family did not enjoy the freedom and independence we enjoy here in America. At one point in the book, she is forced to speak out against her favorite teacher, Autumn Leaves, by the Party, and she does it because she is so afraid of them. I did not know why I was crying. I heard myself calling for my parents as I took the microphone. I said Mama, Papa, where are you? The crowd waved their angry fists at me and shouted, Down! Down! I was so sca ...

The Federal Aid to Highway Act of 1956 Case Study

The Federal Aid to Highway Act of 1956 - Case Study Example The Act was an amendment of the earlier Act of 1916. It proposed a hike in the gas tax by one to two cents. With the help of this Act, interstate highway system was expanded from 1,600 km to 66,000 km. The conference committee of House Senate included several features of Fallon and Gore bill into the Act. The main idea behind this Act was to reduce the ever-increasing pressure of interstate traffics in surface transportation. This regulation provided the provisions of uniformity in the interstate highway design standards (Code of Federal Regulations, 2009, pp. 23-25). The regulation law was enacted for the larger interests of the US people and defense services. According to the Law, on the interstate highway speed limit of the vehicles is 80.5kmph in the mountain terrain. In case of flat terrain speed limit is 112.7 km per hour. During his tenure as an army person President Dwight D. Eisenhower realized that interstate highways of USA should be improved for providing better transport ation services to the citizens and the defense forces of the country. Impacts of the Federal Aid to Highway Act of 1956 were obvious. In the last 40 years population percentage of America increased by 70% and employment rate increased by 100%. Primary requirement of the increased population is superior transportation. Over the years the interstate high way system has become the work horse for the nation. The above data is clearly indicating that the law has impacted the transportation system of the country in a positive fashion. According to the data, highway system takes care of almost one fourth of total roadway traffic. The Act has made the lives easier for the American people. The highway system carries almost one trillion person miles  per year. The Act was revolutionary and the importance of the Act is increasing day by day. In case of intercity and rural logistic facilities the system is undoubtedly the best. According to a survey, 45% of country’s large trucks